A Bit Longer Description

Anna Freud (1895-1982) Unlike her famous father, Anna Freud worked mostly with children. She is best known for showing that children look to their parents for cues on how to react to situations. Anna also created a diagnostic system for children, tracking their "developmental lines."   Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Although Erik had no college degree, he became a leading influence in psychoanalysis. Born and raised in Vienna, Erik originally was an educator. He started a progressive, non-graded, Montessori style school. Later, he was invited by Anna Freud to be analyzed by her and become a child analyst. Erikson is best known for coining the term "identity crisis," and for his stages of development.   Karen Horney (1885-1952) Karen Horney (1885-1952) is best known for her concept of basic anxiety and her emphasis on needs. She divided needs into 3 personality types: toward people, against people, and away from people   Erich Fromm (1900-1980) Fromm's loosely constructed theory of personality emphasized social influences and trends. He combined Freud, Marx, and existential philosophy. Fromm said people are lonely, and seeking social contact. Like Horney, Fromm has 3 personality types (mechanisms for escaping existential angst): authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automaton conformity.   Melanie Klein (1882-1960) A major competitor of Anna Freud, Melanie Klien is the mother of object relations. She modified Freud’s id-based drive theory to a more social interaction theory of ego. Klien was the first to use toys (play therapy) when psychoanalyzing children. Melanie maintained that children construct an internal representation of people and use those symbolic stereotypes (objects) when relating to others.