Outline

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Life Impacted by Darwin; set out to be a biologist who proved evolution Father of psychoanalysis Psychosexual stages of development Defense mechanisms Oedipus complex Dream analysis   Joseph Breuer Respected, successful, and sophisticated Physician in Vienna Anna O Real name was Bertha Pappenheim Patient of Breuer in 1889 Epiletpic? Symptoms improved by talking about her problems while under hypnosis Helped her deal with emotionally-charged events from past Procedure “Chimney sweeping” “The talking cure”) Freud & Breuer write book together   Wilhelm Fliess Emma Eckstein February 1895   Theory      Deterministic      Internal motivation      Terms from physics      Self-contained system      Psychic energy Based on case histories Good writing Behavior caused by opposing forces Conscious processes Unconscious process   ID Most basic component of personality Develops the earliest Neonate is only an id Relies on the pleasure principle Operates like a reflex Provides psychic energy Primary process = makes image of what desires Can’t distinguish between images and reality; completely unconscious   EGO Controls motor and sensory functions of body  Allows child to interact with reality Reality principle Object substitution = Finds objects in reality to satisfy id   SUPEREGO Created by ego Learning right from wrong Can’t tell reality from images (imagined) Punishes you for bad idea Punishes you for bad action Composed of Conscience = what you should not do Ego ideal = what you should do Fights with id = anxiety   Freudian slips   Ego balances id and superego Ego fights anxiety by keeping impulse out of consciousness Several techniques = defense mechanisms   Defense Mechanisms Denial = don’t admit it’s real Displacement = kick the dog, not the wife Projection = see my faults in you Rationalization = there’s a good reason Displacement = kick the dog, not the wife Projection = see my faults in you Rationalization = there’s a good reason Reaction Formation = act in the opposite Repression = don’t think or feel Regression = go back to when it was safe Compensation = make-up for a deficiency Intellectualization = detachment Sublimation = redirect undesirable impulses (most constructive approach)   5 Psychosocial Stages Fixation Too much libido tied to a particular stage Too much or too little gratification 1. Oral Stage Healthy Writers, artists and entertainers who use fantasy creatively Too little gratification Dependence Tends to withdraw into fantasy Regresses more readily Too much gratification Hostility and biting sarcasm 2. Anal Stage Harsh toilet training Excessively orderly or compulsive individuals Compulsive behavior to control impulses Counting, cleaning and checking Obsessive  = repetitive thoughts to control guilt and anxiety. 3. Phallic Stage Fixation Hyper-emphasis on competition, sexuality and power Physical appearance Emphasized to seduce, manipulate and control Oedipal Period: Boys Sexual desire aimed at mother as main love object Fears father Castration anxiety Electra Period: Girls Sexual desire aimed at father – male genitalia Resents mother Penis envy 4. Latency Stage Healthy development Tranquil, wholesome home-life Without too much emotion or sexuality Disturbed latency Impulse control problems Repressed latency Rigid upbringing “Out of touch” with feelings 5. Genital Stage Lust is blended with affection. Achievement Balance love and work   Goal: observing ego Ability to look at oneself honestly & make changes