Outline

5 Paths To Truth Religion                 revelation Wisdom                 insight Philosophy            logic Science                 systematic observation Tangen                  dumb luck   Chinese Zodiac Shun Dynasty (1766-1050 BC) Year of birth determines personality Each year starts on the "first day of spring" (early February) 60-year cycle based on lunar calendar 5 elements metal (gold)            Venus water                      Mercury wood                      Jupiter fire                          Mars earth                       Saturn   12 animals rat ox tiger rabbit dragon snake horse sheep (ram) monkey rooster dog pig   Confucius (551-479 BC) Latin version of K’ung-fu-tzu (Master K’ung) Confucianism is an integrated political & philosophical way of living; involves the whole person and values cooperation. Practical approach to life; emphasized ethics, morality, importance of the family, reverence for parents Personality is characterized in 5 virtues: Kindness Faithfulness Honesty Wisdom Decorum   Hippocrates (500 BC) Balancing the fluids is essential to good health 4 "humors“ (body fluids): blood black bile yellow bile phlegmd Corresponded to 4 basic elements: air earth fire water   Galen (131-201 AD) Physician Surgery (cataract, brain, etc) Careful & thorough description of anatomy & physiology Showed that arteries carry blood, not air Studied kidneys and spinal cord (disessction) Mind is in the brain, not the heart (Aristotle) Diseases and normal behavior causes by 4 fluids Personality is characterized by 4 moods (types of personality or "temperaments"): Sanguine = blood is dominant: warm, optimistic and confident Melancholic = black bile is dominant: sad and depressed (cold foods) Phlegmatic = phlegm is dominant: sluggish, apathetic Choleric = yellow bile is dominant: angry, aggressive, violent (caused by warm foods)   Franz Gall (1758-1828) One of the first comparative anatomists Founder of “cranioscopy”; better known as phrenology Popular belief that the shape of skull reveals personality Brain is like a muscle; gets bigger with exercise and use The more “honesty” area used, the bigger it would get By examining the topography of the skull, phrenologists would describe the brain areas and their respective functions that characterize that individual   Gordon Allport William Shelfon Hans Eysenck Raymond Cattell Big Five